CONTEXT: Androgens are associated with metabolic risk factors in men. However, the independent impact of androgens and androgen metabolites on metabolic risk factors in men is unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the predictive value of serum levels of androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites for metabolic risk factors. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: We conducted a population-based study of two Swedish cohorts (1,068 young adult and 1,001 elderly men). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured correlation of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and glucuronidated androgen metabolites with fat mass, fat distribution, serum lipids, and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Both DHT and T were negatively associated with different measures of fat mass in both cohorts (P