Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of a reduction in cognitive function. We investigated the hypothesis that plasma glucose is associated with a reduction in episodic and/or semantic memory already in nondiabetic subjects. Research Design and Methods: We linked two large population-based data sets in Sweden. Firstly, the Betula study where a random sample from the population aged 35-85 years was investigated for cognitive function including episodic and semantic memory. Secondly, the V?sterbotten Intervention Program, a health survey with subjects aged 40, 50 and 60 years. It includes measuring of fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, along with other risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We identified 411 (M/F 179/232, mean age 50.6 +/-8.0 years) nondiabetic subjects, free from dementia, who had participated in the two surveys within six months. Results: Women had better episodic (score 7.37 +/-1.42) and semantic memory (score 16.05 +/-2.76) than men (score 6.59 +/-1.29 and 15.15 +/-2.92, respectively, p