OBJECTIVE: To compare head relocation accuracy in traumatic (whiplash), insidious onset neck pain patients and asymptomatic subjects when targeting a natural head posture (NHP) and complex predetermined positions. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: University-based musculoskeletal research clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three volunteers divided into three groups of similar gender and age: Group 1 (n = 21) an asymptomatic group; group 2 (n = 20) insidious onset neck pain; group 3 (n = 22) a history of whiplash injury. INTERVENTION: Five randomly ordered tests designed to detect relocation accuracy of the head. OUTCOME MEASURES: A 3-Space Fastrak system measured the mean absolute relocation error of three trials of each relocation test. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between groups in one of the tests targeting the NHP (p = 0.001). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed a significant difference (p