OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in outcome, defined as amputation rate and survival in patients treated for lower limb ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Age, sex, and type of procedure for all patients undergoing vascular interventions for lower limb ischemia in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1970 to 1994, were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare. All patients who underwent amputation after treatment were analyzed separately. Data on deceased patients were extracted from the cause-of-death register. RESULTS: Women had lower survival rates than men at 30 days and 1 and 5 years after operation (89% vs 92%, 75% vs 80%, and 50% vs 55%; P