The urine postal cytology kit Urotel was assessed against our standard cytological method; 184 patients attending for routine surveillance cystourethroscopy provided free flow urine specimens. The urine cytology was reported blind. Comparison of the 2 tests showed similar specificity but significantly higher sensitivity with the Urotel kit. These kits may have a place in the surveillance of patients at high risk of recurrent tumour or those with carcinoma in situ, reducing the frequency of hospital attendance.