This article discusses the process by which a country can effectively solve health problems through recommended changes in the nutrient content of the diet. Each country must consider not only the development of scientific guidelines suitable for its population, but also strategies for effective food-based dietary guidance to achieve the goal. This is best done by integrating health and dietary goals when forming scientific guidelines and by developing effective partnerships among the many sectors that influence the food supply and food selection. Using fat intake in children as an example, this article describes the determinants of success in achieving the goals of science-based dietary guidelines through food-based dietary guidance.