In the context of modern preventive medicine and a diversity of criteria for assessing the health status and the quality of the environment, the author has used an algorithm of comprehensive studies, which includes a differential analysis of the quality of the environment, by identifying xenobiotics in the atmosphere, soil, drinking water, and foodstuffs, then by ranging environmental factors in each specific region, by making a pooled assessment of a risk, by calculating the integral indices of public and community health, and by taking into account the socioeconomic situation in an area. Six priority indices of the 35 environmental ones, as well as 8 socioeconomic conditions that are most closely related with demographic parameters (r > 0.9) have been identified from the summarized environmental and socioeconomic conditions in the urbanized areas. Four ecological indices and 11 socioeconomic conditions have been identified in the rural areas.