The lifestyle of schoolchildren in a large industrial town was studied in relation to the residence (industrial and administrative areas) and the type of an education establishment (general education schools and innovative education establishments). The spread of lifestyle defects (sleep and walk irregularities, inactivity, bad habits, employment) was shown to be higher in the schoolchildren living in the industrial areas, in general education school pupils in particular. That of lifestyle defects was higher in girls (sleep and diet irregularities, inactivity) than in boys. The findings provide evidence that there is a need for a differential approach to molding a healthy lifestyle in schoolchildren, by keeping in mind the environmental and socioeconomic situation of a residence, the type of an education establishment, age, and gender.