Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens in the world that is transmitted sexually. Thereby a development of vaccine preparation for therapy and prophylaxis of infections caused by C. trachomatis is an actual topic of scientific research across the entire world. These vaccines could be used for both prophylaxis and therapy of already established chlamydia infection and, respectively, reduce the risk of chronic condition and prevent the spread of pathogen in the population. Features of chlamydia biology that are associated with obligate intracellular parasitism and immunopathologic state induced by this agent significantly complicate developments in this field. Currently a vaccine preparation that has reached clinical trials does not exist.