This study compared physical therapists from the United States and from Sweden regarding the interpretations of justice they judged as the most appropriate for distribution of health care resources. A two-part questionnaire was used. Results showed that Swedish therapists were more consistent in their responses than United States therapists, and that they favored a "needs-based" approach over a "utilitarian," "contract," or "skeletal" approach. The impact of the responses upon the physical therapists' involvement in the formulation of this type of health policy is discussed.