AIM: This article reviews recent studies on the relationship between patient volume, level of care, and peri- or neonatal outcome for term and preterm infants. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed using various combinations of keywords related to neonates, patient volume and outcome published since 2000. RESULTS: Two studies on term infants showed that perinatal mortality in Norway and Germany was 2 - 3 times higher for term infants born in institutions with less than 500, and 40 - 80 % higher in those with