The paper presents the data on dietary habits, blood lipid composition, and prevalence of coronary heart disease in native and non-native populations from Buryatia. They were obtained by using epidemiological (assessment of amounts of the food ingredients consumed) and biochemical (measurement of blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) methods. Differences were demonstrated in dietary habits between the native and non-native populations from Buryatia. The differences were shown to be associated with the prevalence of dyslipoproteinemias and coronary heart disease in these population groups.