BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been developed both in Europe and in the USA. However, several surveys have shown that these guidelines are poorly implemented in clinical practice. DESIGN/METHODS: The Swedish Quality Control Programme on Secondary Prevention of CAD includes patients after myocardial infarction, or having undergone coronary artery surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention. Fifty of Sweden's 79 hospital districts are currently participating. Patients are asked to send report-cards regarding risk factor management to a central registry after discharge from hospital, at a 3-6 month visit and then yearly for 5 years. RESULTS: Results based on data from 1 year after the index event show that a majority of patients reach targets for serum cholesterol (70%), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (71%). Mean value for total cholesterol is 4.6 (+/-SD 0.9) mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol 2.7 (+/-SD 0.8) mmol/l. Blood pressure targets are less often achieved, with 58% reaching the European Society of Cardiology target for systolic (