IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease and is thought to have an immunological origin which may involve complement-mediated pathogenic mechanisms. We performed C4 phenotyping and C4 isotype quantification in 93 IgAN patients in Southern Sweden. Phenotype frequencies did not deviate from those of healthy controls. However, three patients had homozygous C4A deficiency and these all belonged to a group of fifteen patients with end-stage renal failure (p