156 Lapps of Kola Peninsula have been studied in 1967 and 1969 in respect of population genetics and physical anthropology. According to the anthropological, dermatoglyphical, serological and biochemical data, Kola Lapps are characterized by combination of caucasian and mongoloid traits. The mongoloid parallels in Kola Lapps may be either the reflection of ancient genetic connection with Northern Asia or the result of genetic convergence in the course of genetic adaptation to the Arctic environment.