This review of medical and scientific literature was undertaken to establish what knowledge was existent regarding effects of alcohol and other drugs in the presence of reduced environmental temperatures on the behavior of animals and man. The gathering, classifying, and reviewing of this literature was necessary to determine whether further work should be done in this area. The paramount problem was to determine whether reduced environmental temperatures such as might be expected in environments in which Air Force personnel would be operating in their world-wide mission were a factor which should be considered in predicting behavior1 following the ingestion of alcohol, taking of drugs or exposure to other agents which might have effects on the central nervous system. This review was accomplished in part by direct reference to journals dealing with the action of drugs and environmental agents1 and in part by reference to standard abstracting sources. Special attention was paid to material appearing in the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol. Wherever the subject matter seemed of sufficient importance to require critical review of original data1 the original articles were sought out and analyzed. In a111 more than 4, 500 articles and abstracts were read. Of these, 1200 were selected as being especially pertinent and 700 of these were carefully reviewed. A cross-index was prepared according to major topic headings. Due to the paucity of material pertaining to the subject of the environment1 the original scope of the project was enlarged to consider information which would be requisite to an experimental investigation of the problem. Special attention was directed toward the pharmacology, physiology, effects on the nervous system, and behavior following acute or repeated intake of alcohol. Numerous observations have been made regarding the effect of alcohol alone. Relatively few have been made concerning the combinations of alcohol with other drugs. Practically no information was available concerning the effect of the environment, drugs and chemicals, especially as regards reduced temperatures. Based on the literature review, a narrative description of the material necessary to evaluate the original problem was made and recommendations were set forth for an experimental program which would obviously have to be carried over some period of time in order to clarify the many undetermined factors relating to the effects of alcohol alone and in combination with other drugs as influenced by reduced ambient temperatures.