Demographic records on population movements in the Arctic tell compelling stories about community change, especially when combined with health statistics and qualitative data. Chukotka went through several dramatic demographic shifts during the twentieth century: influx of newcomer populations during the Sovietization of the Russian Arctic, large-scale village relocations during the Cold War, and labor outmigration after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The new demographic regimes had wide-ranging effects on social cohesion and community health. Focusing on the spillover effects of demographic change on local communities, this article contextualizes displacement events using demographic data, health statistics, and oral histories.