Department of Paediatric Surgery, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: josefin.nordenstrom@vgregion.se.
High-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children is associated with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal damage. Breakthrough UTI despite continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) during the first years of life is a matter of concern and evokes early intervention. We investigated whether early endoscopic treatment (ET) of VUR grade 4-5 can reduce the risk of UTI recurrence and renal scarring.