To prospectively investigate the reciprocal relationships between personality traits, lifestyle factors, mental health, sleepiness, and work-related stressors against insomnia.
A total of 799 Norwegian shift-working nurses (mean age 33.2 years, 90% female) participated in this prospective cohort study. They were assessed on self-report instruments (Bergen Insomnia Scale, Diurnal Type Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, Work-Family Interface Scale, among others) in 2008/2009 (wave 1) and 2011 (wave 3). Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the bidirectional relationship between a wide range of individual and work-related variables and insomnia.
Languidity (ß?=?0.18***), anxiety (ß?=?0.11**), depression (ß?=?0.14***), exposure to bullying behavior (ß?=?0.08*), and negative spillover between work and family life (work to family, ß?=?0.08*; family to work, ß?=?0.07*) predicted increased symptoms of insomnia over time. Morningness (ß?=?-0.09*) and positive spillover from work to family (ß?=?-0.11**) predicted less symptoms of insomnia over time. No support was found for night work as a predictor of increased insomnia. Insomnia was a precursor for anxiety (ß?=?0.11**), but not for depression (*p?