The paper deals with the immediate and long-term results of treatment of 173 female and 1,330 male patients with lung cancer operated on at the Department of Lung and Mediastinal Tumors of the Institute in 1960-1979. The results of radical surgery were better in females: 5-year survival rate was 1.5 times that in males (44.4% vs 31.4%) whereas at 10 years it was twice as high (35.5 vs 17.2%).