Questionnaire distribution among ENT specialist's examinees was employed to study the prevalence of polypous rhynosinusitis in urban and rural population of the Kalinin region (organized groups of preschool and school children, industrial workers, medical students, district outpatients, collective farmers). Out of 6748 examinees the disease was registered in 89 (1.3%), the incidence rate being higher for men (2.3:1) and rural population (1.14 and 5.6%). In urban examinees polypous rhinosinusitis prevailed in workers (3.5%) followed by office workers (1.3%), students (0.2%) and schoolchildren (0.1%). The results obtained necessitate further study of etiopathogenesis and development of prophylactic measures for this disease, in the first place in industry and agriculture.