Health status of infants in an average city with petroleum refining industry is worse in comparison with that of infants living in a city with automobile industry. Unfavorable impact of air polluted by petroleum enterprises on the functional state of the circulatory system, immunity, intracellular enzymes, degree of body resistance and morbidity rates has been established. The study results specify the necessity of further active environment-protective and other preventive measures in the primary health care system aimed at health promotion of infants, their rehabilitation following the disease under the conditions of average cities with the developed petroleum refining industry.