The search for localised disease increases the incidence of histologically determined prostate cancer, termed 'minimal' disease. Moreover, the number of locally advanced cases found at surgery increases the push towards surgery at earlier stages of disease. We already have knowledge of risk factors and epidemiological autopsy incidences, and have developed hypotheses to prevent clinical prostate cancer, therefore we should now be performing chemoprevention studies in time to save the next generation from unneeded treatment and healthcare deficits.