Simultaneous epidemiologic investigations of representative samplings of the male population, aged from 30 to 59 years, were carried out in Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR in 1981-1982 and 1985-1986 years. The programme of the study included standard questioning to reveal angina of effort according to the WHO Cardiologic Questionnaire, ECG recording at rest, arterial pressure measuring (twice), anthropometry, biochemical blood assay (the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Actual nutrition was studied by the method of "daily reproduction" in 104 residents of Markovskaya tundra (85.3%), in 165 residents of Chukot Peninsula (73.4%) and in 476 residents of the Buryat ASSR (95.2% of the planned number). Differences have been revealed in the characteristics of nutrition and blood lipid content between the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR. Certain relationship has been determined between dyslipoproteinemia incidence and differences in the nutrition of the compared population groups.