The relation between "poverty and mental health" has long been established. However, the dynamic underlying the relation between social and psychic processes has received much less attention. This article presents certain preliminary results of research whose aim is to promote the emergence of the multiple dimensions behind the problematic of mental health in social conditions characterized by extreme poverty. In addition, the authors base their approach on the assumption that human beings, even underprivileged, are very active players, and explore the strategies that are hereby developed in order to maintain or recover their equilibrium.