The results of the thyroid gland (TG) state investigation in 1027 patients, ageing from 14 to 75 years, operated on in 1986-1995 yrs., are adduced. In 60.5% of patients the diffuse-nodular goitre was diagnosed, in 9.5%--Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 9.5%--TG cancer, in 2.8%--other pathology. To establish the interrelationship of pre-cancer changes and a TG cancer it is necessary to point out the concomitant morphologic change beside the main diagnosis, which determines the clinical tactics.