Tuberculosis has continued to be a public health problem around the world. The urogenital tuberculosis clinic in the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology was founded in 1950. The development of reconstruction operations for those with urogenital tuberculosis began in 1960. Since then 4298 patients with urogenital tuberculosis have been treated, and 2364 operations have been performed: 885 to remove an organ, 531 to preserve an organ, and 948 for reconstruction. The cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in recent years have increased to 6.0%. Surgery for urogenital tuberculosis is performed after specific medical therapy has been tried, but it is difficult, particularly if it is a reconstruction. The clinical features and results of various ureteral neoimplantation procedures using intestinal transplants (ileocystoplasty, sigmoidocystoplasty, cecocystoplasty) are discussed.
