Orientation to priority utilization of economic and medical legal approaches to reformation of dental service is an obligatory condition for effective solution of the problems of Russian dentistry. The priority tasks are: creation of economic and legal models of a dental profession and improvement of its normative and legal basis; development and realization of general Russian and regional programs of transformation of state dental centers into other than state ones and privatization of dental institutions; practical reformation of economic mechanisms of dental service; development of methods for state regulation of dental activities during the transition period; determination of directions and choice of social measures to modify dentistry service; creation of a system of guarantee of high quality of dental care; improvement of legally-based professional protection of dentists.