The paper outlines theoretical concepts on society-state-individual to reduce mortality, morbidity, and disability among children and adolescents and to increase physical and social fitness at the stage of human maturation. On implementation of the concepts, the author proposed to follow the following principles: 1) their governmental nature and priority of preventive measures; 2) the structurization of measures by levels (federal, regional); 3) the optimization of resources and financing; 4) interdisciplinary integration and intersectoral cooperation.