The paper summarizes the results of 10-year activity of the ad hoc commission on "The Problems of Human Protection under Extreme Conditions" of the Interdepartmental Scientific Council on Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. It shows the work of the Commission on Planning, Organization, and Coordination of Researches in the Development and Introduction of New Human Protective Agents and Means from Exposures to Chemical, Physical, and Biological Agents under Extreme Conditions. The prospects of the Commission's work have been defined for the coming 5 years, by taking into account the priority lines of development of science, technology, engineering in the Russian Federation.