The author describes the milestones of the development of health risk analysis methodology within the system of sanitary and hygienic monitoring. He gives definitions of risk of disorder of sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being of population, acceptable, target, and maximum permissible risk. The author considers methods of practical application of risk analysis methodology for quantitative evaluation of health detriment in the interests of authorities of various levels. The united role here belongs to Interdepartmental commission on risk evaluation. The author analyzes prospective directions and the main problems of further development of scientific and juridical fundamentals of risk evaluation methodology that will be topical within the nearest years.