Residents of the Extreme North, in total 255 males and 72 females were examined to study morpho-fuctional changes occurring in dependence on the area of residence. It was found that the subjects who recide in the towns of Magadan and Susuman demonstrated adaptive changes in somatometric parameters as well as in functioning of the body cardio-respiratory and gas-transporting systems that can be considered as a compensatory response providing the body energy balance and homeostasis maintenance at the level the unfavourable environmental factors.