environmental health found 897 records • Arctic Health

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature58376

Source: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jul;111(9):1249-52

Publication Type: Article

Date: Jul-2003

Author: Anita Mazdai; Nathan G Dodder; Mary Pell Abernathy; Ronald A Hites; Robert M Bigsby

Author Affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5121,USA.

Source: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jul;111(9):1249-52

Date: Jul-2003

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adult; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fetal Blood - chemistry; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Polybrominated Biphenyls - analysis - blood; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Risk assessment; Sweden; Thyroid Hormones - blood; United States

Abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants in consumer goods, such as plastics, electronics, textiles, and construction material. PBDEs have been found in human milk, fat, and blood samples. Rodent studies indicate that PBDEs may be detrimental to neurodevelopment, possibly by lowering thyroid hormone concentrations in blood. In the present study, we determined concentrations of PBDEs and thyroid hormones in human fetal and maternal serum. Patients presenting in labor to Indiana University and Wishard Memorial County hospitals in Indianapolis, who were older than 18 years, were recruited to participate. Twelve paired samples of maternal and cord blood were obtained and analyzed using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry; thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Six congeners of PBDE were measured in maternal and fetal serum samples. The concentrations of total PBDEs found in maternal sera ranged from 15 to 580 ng/g lipid, and the concentrations found in fetal samples ranged from 14 to 460 ng/g lipid. Individual fetal blood concentrations did not differ from the corresponding maternal concentrations, indicating that measurement of maternal PBDE blood levels is useful in predicting fetal exposure; similarly, other reports have shown a high correlation between PBDE in mother's milk and fetal exposure. In accord with reports on other biologic samples, the tetrabrominated PBDE congener BDE-47 accounted for 53-64% of total PBDEs in the serum. The concentrations of PBDEs found in maternal and fetal serum samples were 20-106-fold higher than the levels reported previously in a similar population of Swedish mothers and infants. In this small sample, there was no apparent correlation between serum PBDEs and thyroid hormone concentrations. Our study shows that human fetuses in the United States may be exposed to relatively high levels of PBDEs. Further investigation is required to determine if these levels are specific to central Indiana and to assess the toxic potential of these exposure levels.

Notes: Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jul;111(9):A48012877153

PubMed ID: 12842781 View in PubMed

Positive health in a group of Swedish white-collar workers.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature71452

Source: Psychol Rep. 2002 Dec;91(3 Pt 1):839-45

Publication Type: Article

Date: Dec-2002

Author: Petra Lindfors

Author Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.

Source: Psychol Rep. 2002 Dec;91(3 Pt 1):839-45

Date: Dec-2002

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Attitude to Health; Comparative Study; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Personality Inventory - statistics & numerical data; Psychometrics; Quality of Life - psychology; Reproducibility of Results; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Sweden

Abstract: Ryff's Psychological Well-being scales cover six dimensions of psychological well-being (Self-acceptance, Environmental mastery, Positive relations with others, Personal growth, Purpose in life, and Autonomy) and have been suggested as an adequate measure of positive psychological functioning. Apart from translating the scales to Swedish and examining the psychometric properties of the measure, the present study aimed to explore the relationships between the Ryff scales and the General Health Questionnaire, negative affectivity, and physical symptoms using self-ratings from 91 full-time employed women and men. Given low internal consistency for the different dimensions of the Ryff scales, correlational analyses were based on a composite index. Analysis indicated negative relations between the Ryff index and other measures and are in line with prior findings showing that the index taps positive psychological functioning while other indices focus on negative functioning.

PubMed ID: 12530731 View in PubMed

A statistical human resources costing and accounting model for analysing the economic effects of an intervention at a workplace.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature71473

Source: Ergonomics. 2002 Sep 15;45(11):764-87

Publication Type: Article

Date: Sep-15-2002

Author: Bodil J Landstad; Gunnar Gelin; Claes Malmquist; Stig Vinberg

Author Affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Bodil.Landstad@adm.umu.se

Source: Ergonomics. 2002 Sep 15;45(11):764-87

Date: Sep-15-2002

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Accounting; Adult; Cost Allocation; Female; Housekeeping - economics - manpower; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Occupational Health Services - economics; Preventive Health Services - economics; Prospective Studies; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Sick Leave - economics - statistics & numerical data; Sweden; Workplace

Abstract: The study had two primary aims. The first aim was to combine a human resources costing and accounting approach (HRCA) with a quantitative statistical approach in order to get an integrated model. The second aim was to apply this integrated model in a quasi-experimental study in order to investigate whether preventive intervention affected sickness absence costs at the company level. The intervention studied contained occupational organizational measures, competence development, physical and psychosocial working environmental measures and individual and rehabilitation measures on both an individual and a group basis. The study is a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized control group. Both groups involved cleaning jobs at predominantly female workplaces. The study plan involved carrying out before and after studies on both groups. The study included only those who were at the same workplace during the whole of the study period. In the HRCA model used here, the cost of sickness absence is the net difference between the costs, in the form of the value of the loss of production and the administrative cost, and the benefits in the form of lower labour costs. According to the HRCA model, the intervention used counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level, giving an average net effect of 266.5 Euros per person (full-time working) during an 8-month period. Using an analogue statistical analysis on the whole of the material, the contribution of the intervention counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level giving an average net effect of 283.2 Euros. Using a statistical method it was possible to study the regression coefficients in sub-groups and calculate the p-values for these coefficients; in the younger group the intervention gave a calculated net contribution of 605.6 Euros with a p-value of 0.073, while the intervention net contribution in the older group had a very high p-value. Using the statistical model it was also possible to study contributions of other variables and interactions. This study established that the HRCA model and the integrated model produced approximately the same monetary outcomes. The integrated model, however, allowed a deeper understanding of the various possible relationships and quantified the results with confidence intervals.

PubMed ID: 12487690 View in PubMed

Nordic dentists' knowledge and attitudes on dental amalgam from health and environmental perspectives.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature71518

Source: Acta Odontol Scand. 2002 Oct;60(5):315-20

Publication Type: Article

Date: Oct-2002

Author: Katariina Ylinen; Göran Löfroth

Author Affiliation: Inkoon kunnan terveyskeskus, Finland.

Source: Acta Odontol Scand. 2002 Oct;60(5):315-20

Date: Oct-2002

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Composite Resins - adverse effects - chemistry; Denmark; Dental Amalgam - adverse effects - chemistry - economics; Dental Restoration, Permanent - economics; Dental Waste; Dentist-Patient Relations; Dentists; Education, Dental; Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects; Ethics, Dental; Female; Finland; Hazardous Substances - adverse effects; Health; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Medical Waste Disposal; Mercury - adverse effects; Middle Aged; Norway; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Risk factors; Sweden

Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify differences and similarities between the Nordic countries in dentists' use of dental amalgam as a restorative material, and also their knowledge and attitudes about amalgam from health, environmental, ethical, economic and social points of view. Procedures for handling amalgam waste were also studied. A random sample of 250 dentists was drawn from the national registers of authorized dentists in each country in late autumn 1997. At the beginning of 1998, a questionnaire was sent to all the dentists in the study group. The response rate was 77.6% in Denmark, 73.2% in Finland, 78.8% in Norway, and 84.0% in Sweden. In Finland and Sweden the use of dental amalgam had almost ceased, particularly for younger patients, while in Norway and especially in Denmark it was still widely used. Dentists' knowledge of the environmental effects of amalgam was confused, but most dentists had installed amalgam separators in their dental units by 1998. The majority of dentists in each country wanted to keep dental amalgam as a restorative material even in the future, and they did not want to ban the import of mercury to their home countries. Most dentists considered amalgam to be a health risk for at least some patients, and a great majority (from 76% in Sweden to 94% in Norway) considered composite as a possible odontological risk to patients. Since a majority of the dentists considered both amalgam and composites possibly harmful to patients, efforts to develop better alternatives to amalgam should continue.

PubMed ID: 12418724 View in PubMed

Factors promoting sustainable work in women with fibromyalgia.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature117089

Source: Disabil Rehabil. 2013 Sep;35(19):1622-9

Publication Type: Article

Date: Sep-2013

Author: Annie Palstam; Gunvor Gard; Kaisa Mannerkorpi

Author Affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. annie.palstam@gu.se

Source: Disabil Rehabil. 2013 Sep;35(19):1622-9

Date: Sep-2013

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons - psychology; Employment; Female; Fibromyalgia - diagnosis - psychology; Focus Groups; Health Promotion - methods; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Middle Aged; Pain - etiology - psychology; Qualitative Research; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Social Support; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweden; Urban Population; Women, Working - psychology; Workplace - psychology

Abstract: To examine and describe the factors promoting sustainable work in women with fibromyalgia (FM).; A qualitative interview study. Twenty-seven gainfully employed women with FM participated in five focus group interviews. Their median age was 52 years, ranging from 33 to 62. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative latent content analysis.; Four categories were identified describing factors promoting sustainable work: the meaning of work and individual strategies were individual promoters while a favourable work environment and social support outside work were environmental promoters. The meaning of work included individual meaning and social meaning. The individual strategies included handling symptoms, the work day and long-term work life. A favourable work environment included the physical and psychosocial work environment. Social support outside work included societal and private social supports.; Promoting factors for work were identified, involving individual and environmental factors. These working women with FM had developed advanced well-functioning strategies to enhance their work ability. The development of such strategies should be supported by health-care professionals as well as employers to promote sustainable work in women with FM.; Work disability is a common consequence of fibromyalgia (FM). Working women with FM appear to have developed advanced well-functioning individual strategies to enhance their work ability. The development of individual strategies should be supported by health-care professionals as well as employers to promote sustainable work and health in women with FM.

PubMed ID: 23336119 View in PubMed

Altered microRNA profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes in asthmatic patients.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature117113

Source: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Mar;131(3):894-903

Publication Type: Article

Date: Mar-2013

Author: Bettina Levänen; Nirav R Bhakta; Patricia Torregrosa Paredes; Rebecca Barbeau; Stefanie Hiltbrunner; Joshua L Pollack; C Magnus Sköld; Magnus Svartengren; Johan Grunewald; Susanne Gabrielsson; Anders Eklund; Britt-Marie Larsson; Prescott G Woodruff; David J Erle; Åsa M Wheelock

Author Affiliation: Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. bettina.levanen@ki.se

Source: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Mar;131(3):894-903

Date: Mar-2013

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants - toxicity; Asthma - genetics - physiopathology; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines - genetics; Environmental Exposure; Exosomes - genetics; Female; Forced expiratory volume; Humans; Janus Kinases - genetics; Male; MicroRNAs - analysis; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics; STAT Transcription Factors - genetics; Sweden; Vital Capacity; Young Adult

Abstract: Asthma is characterized by increased airway narrowing in response to nonspecific stimuli. The disorder is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles of endosomal origin released from inflammatory and epithelial cells that have been implicated in asthma. In this study we characterized the microRNA (miRNA) content of exosomes in healthy control subjects and patients with mild intermittent asthma both at unprovoked baseline and in response to environmental challenge.; To investigate alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomal miRNA profiles due to asthma, and following subway air exposure.; Exosomes were isolated from BALF from healthy control subjects (n = 10) and patients with mild intermittent asthma (n = 10) after subway and control exposures. Exosomal RNA was analyzed by using microarrays containing probes for 894 human miRNAs, and selected findings were validated with quantitative RT-PCR. Results were analyzed by using multivariate modeling.; The presence of miRNAs was confirmed in exosomes from BALF of both asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects. Significant differences in BALF exosomal miRNA was detected for 24 miRNAs with a subset of 16 miRNAs, including members of the let-7 and miRNA-200 families, providing robust classification of patients with mild nonsymptomatic asthma from healthy subjects with 72% cross-validated predictive power (Q(2) = 0.72). In contrast, subway exposure did not cause any significant alterations in miRNA profiles.; These studies demonstrate substantial differences in exosomal miRNA profiles between healthy subjects and patients with unprovoked, mild, stable asthma. These changes might be important in the inflammatory response leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma.

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PubMed ID: 23333113 View in PubMed

Current trends in arctic medical research in the Nordic countries with special reference to Sweden

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature94088

Source: Pages 8-11 in R.J. Shephard and S. Itoh, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Circumpolar Health, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, 1974.

Date: 1976

be better utilized and the investigations may be broadened to examine a greater number of variables. Further- more, by comparing various ethnic groups living in similar environments, it may be possible to distinguish the signi- ficance of environmental contra-genetic factors. It may finally be

1 document

Author: Linderholm, H

Author Affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of UmeÃ¥, UmeÃ¥, Sweden

Source: Pages 8-11 in R.J. Shephard and S. Itoh, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Circumpolar Health, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, 1974.

Date: 1976

Language: English

Geographic Location: Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden

Digital File Format: Text - PDF

Physical Holding: University of Alaska Anchorage

Keywords: Arctic medical research; Denmark; Environmental contra-genetic factors; Ethnic minorities; Finland; Greenland; Human adaptability; Iceland; Lapps; Nordic Council for Arctic Medical Reserach (NCAMR); Nordic countries; Norway; Sweden

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Valuation and handling of dialogue in leadership: a grounded theory study in Swedish hospitals.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature134789

Source: J Health Organ Manag. 2011;25(1):34-54

Publication Type: Article

Date: 2011

Author: C. Grill; G. Ahlborg; E C Lindgren

Author Affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. christina.grill@lthalland.se

Source: J Health Organ Manag. 2011;25(1):34-54

Date: 2011

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adult; Communication; Female; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Leadership; Male; Middle Aged; Observation; Sweden

Abstract: Leadership can positively affect the work environment and health. Communication and dialogue are an important part in leadership. Studies of how dialogue is valued and handled in first-line leadership have not so far been found. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical understanding of how first-line leaders at hospitals in western Sweden value and handle dialogue in the organisation.; The study design was explorative and based on grounded theory. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations. A total of 11 first-line leaders at two hospitals in western Sweden were chosen as informants, and for four of them observation was also used.; One core category emerged in the analysis: leaders' communicative actions, which could be strategically or understanding-oriented, and experienced as equal or unequal and performed equitably or inequitably, within a power relationship. Four different types of communicativeactions emerged: collaborative, nurturing, controlling, and confrontational. Leaders had strategies for creating arenas and relationships for dialogue, but dialogue could be constrained by external circumstances or ignorance of the frameworks needed to conduct and accomplish dialogue.; First-line leaders should be offered guidance in understanding the consequences of consciously choosing and strengthening the communication component in leadership.; The positive valuation of dialogue was not always manifest in practical action. One significant consequence of not using dialogue was that information with impact on organisational efficiency and finances was communicated upwards in the management system.

PubMed ID: 21542461 View in PubMed

Concepts of functioning and health important to people with systemic sclerosis: a qualitative study in four European countries.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature134810

Source: Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):1074-9

Publication Type: Article

Date: Jun-2011

Author: Tanja A Stamm; Malin Mattsson; Carina Mihai; Juliane Stöcker; Alexa Binder; Bettina Bauernfeind; Georg Stummvoll; Gunvor Gard; Roger Hesselstrand; Gunnel Sandqvist; Oana Draghicescu; Ana Maria Gherghe; Malina Voicu; Klaus P Machold; Oliver Distler; Josef S Smolen; Carina Boström

Author Affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. tanja.stamm@meduniwien.ac.at

Source: Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):1074-9

Date: Jun-2011

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Austria; Disability Evaluation; Environment; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Romania; Scleroderma, Systemic - physiopathology - psychology - rehabilitation; Sweden; Switzerland

Abstract: To describe the experiences of people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in different European countries of functioning and health and to link these experiences to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to develop a common understanding from a bio-psycho-social perspective.; A qualitative multicentre study with focus-group interviews was performed in four European countries: Austria, Romania, Sweden and Switzerland. The qualitative data analysis followed a modified form of 'meaning condensation' and the concepts that emerged in the analysis were linked to the ICF.; 63 people with SSc participated in 13 focus groups. In total, 86 concepts were identified. 32 (37%) of these were linked to the ICF component body functions and structures, 21 (24%) to activities and participation, 26 (30%) to environmental factors, 6 (7%) to personal factors and 1 (1%) to the health condition itself. 19 concepts (22%) were identified in all four countries and included impaired hand function, household activities, paid work, drugs, climate and coldness, support from others and experiences with healthcare institutions, non-pharmacological treatment, social security and benefits.; Concepts identified in all four countries could be used for guiding clinical assessment, as well as interdisciplinary team care and rheumatological rehabilitation for patients with SSc. For a full understanding of the aspects of the disease that were most relevant to people with SSc, people with SSc from multiple countries needed to be involved.

Notes: Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Nov;43(11):2445-5411083267; Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Aug 15;61(8):1112-2019644906; Cites: Contemp Nurse. 2000 Jun;9(2):169-8011855006; Cites: J Rheumatol. 2003 Apr;30(4):877-912672220; Cites: J Rheumatol. 2003 Apr;30(4):880-312672221; Cites: J Adv Nurs. 2003 Jun;42(6):598-60612787233; Cites: Arthritis Care Res. 2000 Apr;13(2):69-7314635280; Cites: J Rehabil Med. 2004 Jul;(44 Suppl):9-1115370742; Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 1980 May;23(5):581-907378088; Cites: J Rheumatol. 1988 Feb;15(2):202-53361530; Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1256-632390128; Cites: Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1996 Nov;22(4):695-7088923591; Cites: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Jul;78(7):767-739228882; Cites: Pathology. 1998 Nov;30(4):386-909839314; Cites: Prof Nurse. 1999 Mar;14(6):395-710205536; Cites: Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Jun;38(6):535-4210402074; Cites: Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Sep;68(9):1453-6018765429; Cites: J Hand Ther. 2004 Oct-Dec;17(4):407-1115538681; Cites: J Rehabil Med. 2005 Jul;37(4):212-816024476; Cites: Am J Occup Ther. 2005 Jul-Aug;59(4):390-716124205; Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Apr 15;57(3):487-9417394177; Cites: J Rheumatol. 2007 Aug;34(8):1718-2617611983; Cites: J Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Aug;13(4):187-9217762451; Cites: Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Oct 15;57(7):1287-9517907225; Cites: Disabil Rehabil. 2007 Oct 15;29(19):1492-50117852224; Cites: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Feb;63(2):92-818930981; Cites: Arthritis Care Res. 1991 Mar;4(1):27-3111188583

PubMed ID: 21540204 View in PubMed

Lung cancer and mesothelioma among engine room crew--case reports with risk assessment of previous and ongoing exposure to carcinogens.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature93427

Source: Int Marit Health. 2007;58(1-4):5-13

Publication Type: Article

Date: 2007

Author: Forsell Karl; Hageberg S.; Nilsson Ralph

Author Affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, Goeteborg, Sweden. karl.forsell@amm.gu.se

Source: Int Marit Health. 2007;58(1-4):5-13

Date: 2007

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis; Asbestos - toxicity; Carcinogens - toxicity; Humans; Lung Neoplasms - chemically induced; Male; Men's health; Mesothelioma - chemically induced; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases - chemically induced; Occupational Exposure; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic - toxicity; Risk Assessment - methods; Risk factors; Ships; Sweden

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to illustrate, by means of case reports on occupational exposure in four men with cancer, the hazards of previous and ongoing carcinogenic exposures in ships' engine rooms. Several cases of cancer occurred within a few years among the engine room crew of a passenger ferry. An investigation was undertaken to establish the number of cases, the types of cancers involved, and their possible relation to work. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine cases of cancer among crew members of the ferry were reported between 2001 and 2006, six of which occurred in crew working in the engine room. During the investigated time period, 65 men had been employed in the engine room (mean age 40, range 16-65, years). Four cases were referred to our department. Medical history, personal risk factors and specific diagnoses were collected by medical examinations and from the medical files. An experienced occupational hygienist evaluated work-related exposure to carcinogens. RESULTS: Two engine room ratings contracted lung cancer at the age of 54 and 61, respectively. Both men had been smokers for many years (33 and 45 years, respectively). One engine room rating and one electrical engineer were diagnosed with mesothelioma at the age of 61 and 63, respectively. All four had started to work in engine rooms between 1959 and 1967. Carcinogenic exposure included asbestos, with an estimated cumulative exposure of 2-5 fibreyears/mL, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitroarenes from oils, soot and engine exhaust. CONCLUSIONS: For the lung cancer cases, smoking and asbestos exposure were considered clear risk factors, and PAHs and nitroarenes possible risk factors. For the mesothelioma cases, former asbestos exposure was considered a causal factor. Asbestos can still be present on ships. Steps should be taken to reduce the exposure to asbestos, PAHs and nitroarenes, and smoking.

PubMed ID: 18350972 View in PubMed

The same factors influence job turnover and long spells of sick leave--a 3-year follow-up of Swedish nurses.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature93576

Source: Eur J Public Health. 2008 Aug;18(4):380-5

Publication Type: Article

Date: Aug-2008

Author: Josephson Malin; Lindberg Per; Voss Margaretha; Alfredsson Lars; Vingård Eva

Author Affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Malin.Josephson@medsci.uu.se

Source: Eur J Public Health. 2008 Aug;18(4):380-5

Date: Aug-2008

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Absenteeism; Adult; Age Factors; Cohort Studies; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Middle Aged; Nurses - statistics & numerical data; Occupational Diseases - epidemiology; Personnel Turnover - statistics & numerical data; Sex Factors; Sweden

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In many countries, a general shortage of nurses is a public health problem, and retention of nurses in active work is a challenge. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the same individual factors, working conditions and health problems had led to increased probability of both leaving jobs and prolonged sickness absence in a cohort of Swedish nurses over a period of 3 years. METHODS: A baseline questionnaire was answered by 2293 nurses, representing a response rate of 86%. Exposed and unexposed nurses were compared with regard to two outcomes. During the 3-year follow-up, exposed and unexposed nurses were compared with regard to two outcomes: resigning and having at least one sick leave spell that lasted 28 days or longer. RESULTS: We found that 18% of the nurses left their employment, and 16% had sick leave spells > or =28 days. Work in geriatric care, being socially excluded by superiors and/or workmates, negative effects of organizational changes and poor self-rated general health were factors that increased the likelihood of both leaving jobs and long-term sick leave. CONCLUSIONS: The present results underline the importance of improving working conditions and supporting sustainable health in order to prevent high turnover and prolonged sick leave among nurses. Resigning and moving to another institution can be interpreted as a way to actively cope with an unhealthy work environment.

PubMed ID: 18292122 View in PubMed

Variability of personal chemical exposure in eight office buildings in Sweden.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature180313

Source: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004;14 Suppl 1:S49-57

Publication Type: Article

Date: 2004

Author: Bo Glas; Jan-Olof Levin; Berndt Stenberg; Hans Stenlund; Anna-Lena Sunesson

Author Affiliation: Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. bo.glas@vll.se

Source: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004;14 Suppl 1:S49-57

Date: 2004

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis; Aldehydes - analysis; Amines - analysis; Environmental Exposure; Environmental monitoring; Epidemiologic Studies; Facility Design and Construction; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis; Organic Chemicals - analysis; Ozone - analysis; Particle Size; Reproducibility of Results; Sick Building Syndrome - etiology; Sweden; Workplace

Abstract: This study focuses on the variability in chemical exposures for individuals working in office buildings. The study involved eight office buildings with 79 participants, and exposures were measured using personal samplers for volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, amines, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particles. Ventilation was assessed in each individual office. "Variability among buildings" and "variability among individuals" were evaluated for any component (of the 123) measured in samples from at least 20 persons, using variance component analysis and principal component analysis. Interpersonal differences explained the major part of the variance for 78% of the compounds versus between-buildings differences for 14% of the compounds. For 8% of compounds, the variation was explained in equal amounts by the differences among individuals and among buildings. This study illustrates the necessity for individualised measurements (versus stationary measurements in building) to estimate personal exposures. These results also support the conclusion that in case-referent studies of "sick building syndrome" (SBS), referents to SBS cases can be randomised for building location.

PubMed ID: 15118745 View in PubMed

Influence of persistent organic pollutants on the complement system in a population-based human sample.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature257350

Source: Environ Int. 2014 Oct;71:94-100

Publication Type: Article

Date: Oct-2014

Author: Jitender Kumar; P Monica Lind; Samira Salihovic; Bert van Bavel; Kristina N Ekdahl; Bo Nilsson; Lars Lind; Erik Ingelsson

Author Affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: Jitender.Kumar@medsci.uu.se.

Source: Environ Int. 2014 Oct;71:94-100

Date: Oct-2014

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Aged; Complement C3 - immunology; Complement C3a - immunology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dioxins - analysis - toxicity; Environmental Pollutants - analysis - toxicity; Female; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis - toxicity; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis - toxicity; Immune System - drug effects; Male; Models, Statistical; Pesticides - analysis - toxicity; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis - toxicity; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Sweden; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin - analysis - toxicity

Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic compounds generated through various industrial activities and have adverse effects on human health. Studies performed in cell cultures and animals have revealed that POPs can alter immune-system functioning. The complement system is part of innate immune system that helps to clear pathogens from the body. We performed a large-scale population-based study to find out associations between summary measures of different POPs and different complement system markers.; In this cross-sectional study, 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachloro-p-dibenzodioxin, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) were analyzed for their association with levels of protein complement 3 (C3), 3a (C3a), 4 (C4) and C3a/C3 ratio. A total of 992 individuals (all aged 70 years, 50% females) were recruited from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort. Regression analysis adjusting for a variety of confounders was performed to study the associations of different POP exposures (total toxic equivalency value or TEQ and sum of 16 PCBs) with protein complements.; The TEQ values were found to be positively associated with C3a (Ã?=0.07, 95% CI=0.017-0.131, p=0.01) and C3a/C3 ratio (Ã?=0.07, 95% CI=0.015-0.126, p=0.01) taking possible confounders into account. The association observed was mainly driven by PCB-126.; In this study involving 992 elderly individuals from the general population, we showed that POPs, mainly PCB-126, were associated with levels of complement system markers indicating that the association of these toxic compounds with downstream disease could be mediated by activation of immune system.

PubMed ID: 24996157 View in PubMed

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in female Swedish physical therapists with more than 15 years of job experience: prevalence and associations with work exposures.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature101934

Source: Physiother Theory Pract. 2011 Apr;27(3):213-22

Publication Type: Article

Date: Apr-2011

Author: Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten; Philip Wernstedt; Marc Campo

Author Affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. wim.grooten@ki.se

Source: Physiother Theory Pract. 2011 Apr;27(3):213-22

Date: Apr-2011

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Aged; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases - epidemiology; Occupational Diseases - epidemiology; Occupational Health; Odds Ratio; Physical Therapy (Specialty); Posture; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Sweden; Time Factors

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in female physiotherapists with more than 15 years of job experience. A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to 203 female physiotherapists with more than 15 years of job experience. Unconditional logistic regression was used to study the association between job exposures and the risk for WRMDs. The questionnaire was returned by 131 physiotherapists (64.5%). Of 99 subjects who answered specific questions about WRMDs, 52 (53.5%) were affected by WRMDs in at least one body part. Regions most affected were the hand/wrist (n=31; 58.5%) and the lower back (n=30; 56.5%). For hand/wrist pain, associations were found with: orthopedic manual therapy techniques (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-13.1); working in awkward or cramped positions (OR=4.96; 95% CI=1.3-18.7); and high psychological job demands (OR=4.34; 95% CI=1.2-15.0). For lower back pain, associations were found with: working in awkward or cramped positions (adjusted OR=6.37; 95% CI=1.6-24.7); and kneeling or squatting (adjusted OR=4.76; 95% CI=1.4-15.9). More than half of the respondents reported WRMDs. General physical and psychosocial work-related exposures, as well as specific therapy tasks, were strongly associated with WRMDs. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to determine the direction of causality.

PubMed ID: 20690880 View in PubMed

Occupational medicine in Sweden.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature101953

Source: Occup Med (Lond). 2009 Jun;59(4):280

Publication Type: Article

Date: Jun-2009

Author: Magnus Svartengren

Author Affiliation: Department of Public Health Services, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. magnus.svartengren@ki.se

Source: Occup Med (Lond). 2009 Jun;59(4):280

Date: Jun-2009

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Female; Humans; Male; Occupational Health; Occupational Medicine - organization & administration; Sweden

PubMed ID: 19471040 View in PubMed

Environmentally reformed travel habits during the 2006 congestion charge trial in Stockholm--a qualitative study.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature131412

Source: Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Aug;8(8):3202-15

Publication Type: Article

Date: Aug-2011

Author: Greger Henriksson; Olle Hagman; Håkan Andréasson

Author Affiliation: Department of Urban Planning and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. gregerh@kth.se

Source: Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Aug;8(8):3202-15

Date: Aug-2011

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Air Pollutants - analysis; Attitude; Carbon Monoxide - analysis; Cities; Environmental monitoring; Environmental Policy - economics; Humans; Particulate Matter - analysis; Questionnaires; Sweden; Transportation - economics - methods; Vehicle Emissions - analysis

Abstract: Policy measures that reduce or replace road traffic can improve environmental conditions in most large cities. In Stockholm a congestion charge was introduced during a test period in 2006. This was a full-scale trial that proved to meet its targets by reducing traffic crossing the inner city segment during rush hours by 20%. Emissions of carbon dioxide and particles were also substantially reduced. This study, based on in-depth interviews with 40 inhabitants, analyses how and why new travel habits emerged. The results show that particular, sometimes unexpected, features of everyday life (habits, resources, opportunities, values, etc.) were crucial for adjustment of travel behaviour in relation to the policy instrument. One example was that those accustomed to mixing different modes of transport on a daily basis more easily adapted their travel in the targeted way. On a more general level, the results revealed that the policy measure could actually tip the scales for the individual towards trying out a new behaviour.

PubMed ID: 21909301 View in PubMed

Genome-wide linkage analysis of Swedish families to identify putative susceptibility loci for cutaneous malignant melanoma.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature131480

Source: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2011 Dec;50(12):1076-84

Publication Type: Article

Date: Dec-2011

Author: Veronica Höiom; Rainer Tuominen; Johan Hansson

Author Affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Veronica.Hoiom@ki.se

Source: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2011 Dec;50(12):1076-84

Date: Dec-2011

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Adult; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; Family Health; Female; Genes, p16; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study - methods; Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Melanoma - genetics; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Skin Neoplasms - genetics; Sweden

Abstract: Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder which is caused by an interaction between hereditary and environmental factors. In Sweden, a small portion of the inherited susceptibility is explained by the presence of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A. But still, the genetic background of melanoma susceptibility is largely unknown. Here, we conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on melanoma-prone families using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arrays to identify novel melanoma susceptibility genes. We investigated 35 families of Swedish origin without CDKN2A mutations. Nonparametric and parametric multipoint linkage analyses were performed. After removal of SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium, the strongest evidence of linkage was detected on chromosome 17p11-12 (logarithm (base 10) of odds (LOD) scores of 2.76) using parametric linkage analysis assuming a dominant trait with full penetrance. Analyses were also performed on a subset of families with low age at diagnosis (mean age = 47 years), to obtain a more homogenous subset. This subgroup analysis based on 22 families yielded suggestive evidence of linkage to the chromosomal regions 11p12-p11 and 18q22 (multipoint LOD scores of 2.10 and 2.02, respectively). Also, the 17p region that was detected in the complete family set showed suggestive linkage in this cohort (multipoint LOD scores of 2.01). Our data suggest that these chromosomal regions, 17p12-p11 in particular as it was present in both analyses, may harbor genes involved in the susceptibility of malignant melanoma in the Swedish population.

PubMed ID: 21901783 View in PubMed

Historical usage of aqueous film forming foam: a case study of the widespread distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids from a military airport to groundwater, lakes, soils and fish.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature268814

Source: Chemosphere. 2015 Jun;129:39-45

Publication Type: Article

Date: Jun-2015

Author: Marko Filipovic; Andreas Woldegiorgis; Karin Norström; Momina Bibi; Maria Lindberg; Ann-Helen Österås

Source: Chemosphere. 2015 Jun;129:39-45

Date: Jun-2015

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Airports; Animals; Drinking Water - standards; Fishes - metabolism; Fluorocarbons - analysis - chemistry; Groundwater - chemistry; Humans; Lakes - chemistry; Military Facilities; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry; Soil Pollutants - analysis - chemistry; Surface Properties; Sweden; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis - chemistry; Water Supply - standards

Abstract: Historical usage of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) at military airports is a potential source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the nearby environment. In this study, the distribution of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in soil, groundwater, surface water, tap water well, and fish muscle was investigated at a closed down military airfield (F18) and its surroundings in Stockholm, Sweden. The presence of PFOS at AFFF training sites was inventoried. One major finding of the study is that a former airfield, abandoned since 1994, may still be a point source of PFAAs to nearby recipients. PFOS and PFOA were ubiquitous in the soil samples at former AFFF training sites with concentrations ranging from 2.18 to 8520ngg(-1) dry weight and

PubMed ID: 25262531 View in PubMed

Childhood tuberculosis and exposure to indoor air pollution: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature269091

Source: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 May;19(5):596-602

Publication Type: Article

Date: May-2015

Author: N. Jafta; P M Jeena; L. Barregard; R N Naidoo

Source: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 May;19(5):596-602

Date: May-2015

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Air Pollution, Indoor - adverse effects; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child health; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects; Male; Needs Assessment; Pediatrics; Risk assessment; Sweden; Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - epidemiology - etiology - physiopathology

Abstract: Indoor air pollution (IAP) from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and biomass fuel smoke (BMS) poses respiratory health risks, with children and women bearing the major burden.; We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relation between childhood tuberculosis (TB) and exposure to ETS and BMS.; We searched three databases for epidemiological studies that investigated the association of childhood TB with exposure to ETS and BMS. We calculated pooled estimates and heterogeneity for studies eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis and stratified studies on ETS by outcome.; Five case-control and three cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis and quality assessment. Pooled effect estimates showed that exposure to ETS is associated with tuberculous infection and TB disease (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.4-2.9) among exposed compared to non-exposed children. TB disease in ETS studies produced a pooled OR of 2.8 (95%CI 0.9-4.8), which was higher than the OR for tuberculous infection (OR 1.9, 95%CI 0.9-2.9) for children exposed to ETS compared to non-exposed children. Studies on BMS exposure were too few and too small to permit a conclusion.; Exposure to ETS increases the risk of childhood TB disease or tuberculous infection.

PubMed ID: 25868030 View in PubMed

Isocyanate exposure in bathtub refinishing: à propos a case of occupational asthma.

https://arctichealth.org/en/permalink/ahliterature87541

Source: Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007;20(3):287-90

Publication Type: Article

Date: 2007

Author: Seldén Anders I; Andersson Lennart; Barlas Georgios; Westberg Håkan

Author Affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. anders.selden@orebroll.se

Source: Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007;20(3):287-90

Date: 2007

Language: English

Publication Type: Article

Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects; Asthma - chemically induced; Hospitalization; Humans; Isocyanates - analysis - poisoning; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects; Sweden

Abstract: Work-related asthma in a bathtub refinishing technician prompted measurements of isocyanate exposure in this operation. Very high levels of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) oligomer, up to 8500 microg/m3 NCO, were found during top varnish spray-painting, whereas the levels of HDI monomer were substantially lower. The results suggest that only full-piece, self-contained respirators would suffice to protect technicians from serious pulmonary disease.

PubMed ID: 17932019 View in PubMed

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